Biological hazards refer to biological substances that can pose a threat to human health or the environment. Here are some examples of biological hazards:

1. Pathogenic Microorganisms: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans or animals. Examples include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, HIV, Influenza virus, and Tuberculosis bacteria.¹⁾

- Toxins and Venoms: Substances produced by certain organisms that can cause harm or illness. Examples include snake venom, botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, and mycotoxins produced by molds. ²⁾ - Biological Waste: Waste materials from biological sources, such as blood, bodily fluids, tissues, or laboratory specimens, which may contain infectious agents or harmful substances. ³⁾ - Allergens: Substances that can trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. Examples include pollen, dust mites, certain foods (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), and animal dander. - Biological Agents Used in Biowarfare or Bioterrorism: Certain pathogens or toxins that can be intentionally used to cause harm or terror, such as anthrax, smallpox, or ricin toxin. - Zoonotic Diseases: Diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Examples include rabies, avian influenza (bird flu), and Lyme disease.

1. Biological Contaminants in Food: Microorganisms or toxins that can contaminate food and cause foodborne illnesses. Examples include Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus.